Synthesis of m-Dinitrobenzene from Nitrobenzene

Aim: To synthesize m-Dinitrobenzene from Nitrobenzene by nitration reaction Reference: F. G. Mann and B. C. Saunders, Practical Organic Chemistry, 4th Ed, 1974, P. No. 160. Requirement: Apparatus: Beaker, Stirrer, Filtration assembly, RBF, Condenser, etc. Chemicals: Fuming nitric acid, sulphuric acid, nitrobenzene Theory/Principle:            Here nitration is occurring on nitrobenzene. It is an electrophilic...

Benzene and its derivatives

Analytical, synthetic and other evidence in the derivation of the structure of benzene, Orbital picture, resonance in benzene, aromatic characters, Huckel’s rule Reactions of benzene - nitration, sulphonation, halogenation reactivity, Friedelcrafts alkylation- reactivity, limitations, Friedel crafts acylation. Substituents, the effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation of monosubstituted benzene compounds towards electrophilic substitution reaction D. Structure and uses of DDT, Saccharin, BHC, and Chlorami...

Method of Recrystallization

Aim: Recrystallization of Benzanilide or Phenyl Benzoate or P-Bromoacetanilide Reference: F. G. Mann and B. C. Saunders, Practical Organic Chemistry, 4th Ed, 1974, P. No. 13-15. Requirement: Apparatus: Conical flasks, Filter funnel, Buchner flask, Buchner funnel, etc. Chemicals: Benzanilide or Phenyl Benzoate or P-Bromoacetanilide, Ethanol Theory/Principle: Organic compounds that are solids at room temperature are usually purified...

Synthesis of P-Bromoacetanilide from Acetanilide

Aim: To synthesize P-Bromoacetanilide from Acetanilide by halogenation (Bromination) reaction Reference: G Joshi and S Adimurthy, Environment-friendly bromination of aromatic heterocycles using a bromide-bromate couple in an aqueous medium, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2011, Vol.50, P. No. 12271–75, Requirement: Apparatus: Beaker, Stirrer, Filtration assembly, conical flask etc. Chemicals: Acetanilide, potassium bromate and potassium bromide,...

Synthesis of Phenyl Benzoate from Phenol

Aim: To synthesize Phenyl Benzoate from Phenol by an acylation reaction Reference: F. G. Mann and B. C. Saunders, Practical Organic Chemistry, 4th Ed, 1974, P. No. 244. Requirement: Apparatus: Beaker, Stirrer, Filtration assembly, etc. Chemicals: Phenol, Benzoyl chloride, 10% sodium hydroxide Theory/Principle: Insertion of benzoyl moiety instead of an active hydrogen atom present in hydroxyl (OH), primary amino (NH) or secondary amino...

Synthesis of Benzanilide from Aniline

Aim: To synthesize Benzanilide from Aniline by an acylation reaction Reference: F. G. Mann and B. C. Saunders, Practical Organic Chemistry, 4th Ed, 1974, P. No. 245-246. Requirement: Apparatus: Beaker, Stirrer, Filtration assembly, etc. Chemicals: Aniline, Benzoyl chloride, 10% aqueous Sodium Hydroxide Solution. Theory/Principle: Insertion of benzoyl moiety instead of an active hydrogen atom present in hydroxyl (OH), primary amino...